• “They don’t even look like women workers”: Femininity and class in Twentieth-Century Latin America||“Elas nem parecem operárias” – feminilidade e classe na América Latina no século XX

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Recent research on consumer culture and working-class femininity in the United States has argued that attention to fashionable clothing and dime novels did not undermine female working-class identities, but rather provided key resources for creating those identities. In this essay I consider whether we can see a similar process of appropriation by working-class women in Latin America. In that region women employed in factories had to contend with widespread denigration of the female factory worker. Looking first at the employer-run “Centers for Domestic Instruction” in São Paulo, I argue that “proper femininity” in these centers – frequented by large numbers of working-class women – reflected middle-class notions of the skilled housewife, and situated working-class women as nearly middle class. What we see is a process of “approximation,” not appropriation. I then look at the case of Argentina (especially Greater Buenos Aires) where Peronism also promoted “traditional” roles for working-class women but where Eva Perón emerges as a working-class heroine. The figure of Evita – widely reviled by women of the middle and upper classes – becomes a means to construct an alternative, class-based femininity for working-class women.||Novas pesquisas sobre a cultura de consumo e a feminilidade operária nos Estados Unidos têm argumentado que a atenção dada pelas jovens operárias à roupa da moda e aos romances populares não minou as identidades proletárias, mas, pelo contrário, providenciou importantes recursos para criar essas identidades. Neste artigo considero se podemos encontrar um processo similar de apropriação entre as mulheres operárias na América Latina. Mulheres operárias nas fábricas latino-americanas tinham que lidar com o desprezo geral para com a mulher que trabalhava em fábrica. Examinando, em primeiro lugar, os Centros de Aprendizado Doméstico em São Paulo, fundados pelas associações patronais, demonstro que a “feminilidade decente” nesses centros – frequentados por milhares de mulheres da classe operária – refletia noções da “dona de casa qualificada” construídas dentro da classe média, e identificou a mulher da classe operária como “quase” de classe média. Nesse caso, encontramos um processo de “aproximação,” em vez de apropriação. Em seguida considero o caso da Argentina (especificamente, Grande Buenos Aires), onde o peronismo também promoveu o papel “tradicional” da mulher da classe operária, mas, nesse contexto, destaco o impacto de Eva Perón no papel de heroína das trabalhadoras. A figura de Evita – repugnante às mulheres das classes privilegiadas – tornou-se um meio para a construção de uma feminilidade alternativa e classista para as mulheres operárias argentinas.

ISSN

1983-201X

Autor

Weinstein, Bárbara

Data

30 de dezembro de 2010

Identificador

https://seer.ufrgs.br/anos90/article/view/18940 | 10.22456/1983-201X.18940

Idioma

por

Editor

UFRGS

Relação

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Fonte

Anos 90; v. 17, n. 31 (2010): Dossiê Mundos do Trabalho; 145-171 | Anos 90; v. 17, n. 31 (2010): Dossiê Mundos do Trabalho; 145-171 | 1983-201X | 0104-236X

Assuntos

Femininity; Working-class; Housewife; Appropriation; Evita | Feminilidade; Classe operária; Dona de casa; Apropriação; Evita

Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/article | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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