Descrição
At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when Rudolph Kjellén created the geopolitics term, political realism was recognized as a dominant explanatory theory for understanding power relations globally. After the two World Wars, the interdependence of nations seemed a final goal, even during the Cold War period, the opposition between ideologies could put political limitations on integration which already was possible due to advances of transport and communication. In the 1970s, Realism has found in academia, within the International Relations, a rival theory that have a great explanatory power for rearrangement of the future order: liberalism, understood as a theory pointing the international institutions and the interdependence of trade as powerful forces to explain the power relations globally. Through the 2003 invasion of Iraq, this work intends point to two different ways to interpret the same event in the light of Realism and Liberalism, aiming at finding their limitations on a world still in transition with regard to consolidation or extinction of its analytical assumptions. To do so, it focuses on the characteristics of the contemporary world coming jeopardizing some realistic assumptions.||Na virada dos séculos XIX e XX, quando Rudolph Kjéllen cunhava o termo geopolítica, o realismo político consagrava-se como uma teoria explicativa dominante para o entendimento das relações de poder em âmbito global. Passadas as duas Grandes Guerras Mundiais, a interdependência das nações pareceu um caminho sem volta, ainda que, durante o período da Guerra Fria, as oposições ideológicas pudessem colocar limitações políticas à integração que já era possível devido aos avanços dos transportes e comunicações. Na década de 1970, o Realismo encontrou na academia, no seio das Relações Internacionais, uma teoria rival com grande poder explicativo para o rearranjo da ordem futura: o Liberalismo, entendido como uma teoria que aponta as instituições internacionais e a interdependência do comércio como forças poderosas no que tange à explicação das relações de poder em âmbito global. Este trabalho pretende apontar, através da invasão do Iraque de 2003, duas maneiras distintas de interpretar o mesmo evento à luz do Realismo e do Liberalismo, objetivando verificar suas limitações em um mundo ainda em transição no que tange à consolidação ou à caducidade de seus pressupostos analíticos. Para tanto, centra-se nas características do mundo contemporâneo que vem colocando em xeque alguns dos pressupostos realistas.
Abstract
THE REFLECTION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF REALISM ASSUMPTIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD THROUGH THE INVASION OF IRAQ IN 2003
At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when Rudolph Kjellén created the geopolitics term, political realism was recognized as a dominant explanatory theory for understanding power relations globally. After the two World Wars, the interdependence of nations seemed a final goal, even during the Cold War period, the opposition between ideologies could put political limitations on integration which already was possible due to advances of transport and communication. In the 1970s, Realism has found in academia, within the International Relations, a rival theory that have a great explanatory power for rearrangement of the future order: liberalism, understood as a theory pointing the international institutions and the interdependence of trade as powerful forces to explain the power relations globally. Through the 2003 invasion of Iraq, this work intends point to two different ways to interpret the same event in the light of Realism and Liberalism, aiming at finding their limitations on a world still in transition with regard to consolidation or extinction of its analytical assumptions. To do so, it focuses on the characteristics of the contemporary world coming jeopardizing some realistic assumptions.
